Apply a Multi-Sectoral Approach - Revision history

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Key Information

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	'''Community Members with Lived Experience:'''		'''Community Members with Lived Experience:'''
			Note: It is important to understand that people with lived experience alone do not represent or speak for an entire community. Coalitions must recognize that there are multiple perspectives to this issue and multiple pathways of recovery, if someone makes that choice.

	*Persons in recovery and active substance users		*Persons in recovery and active substance users

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Introductory Paragraph

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	Creating a community coalition is ~~one of the most~~ effective ~~ways~~ to ~~solve~~ complex systems-level problems. Applying a multi-sectoral approach to coalition-building is at the core of generating a local movement. A coalition is simply a group of individuals and organizations with a common interest who agree to see the problem through each other’s eyes and work together toward a common goal. The more sectors, such as law enforcement, health departments, and school systems, are involved, the more "eyes are on the ball" -- and the more that effective communication skills are required. A coalition concentrates a community’s focus on a particular problem, creates alliances among those who might not normally work together, and keeps the community’s approach consistent. This page provides an overview on how to use a multi-sectoral approach, based on the experiences of communities across the country.		Creating a community coalition is an effective way to address complex, systems-level problems collaboratively. Applying a multi-sectoral approach to coalition-building is at the core of generating a local movement. A coalition is simply a group of individuals and organizations with a common interest who agree to see the problem through each other’s eyes and work together toward a common goal. The more sectors, such as law enforcement, health departments, and school systems, are involved, the more "eyes are on the ball" -- and the more that effective communication skills are required. A coalition concentrates a community’s focus on a particular problem, creates alliances among those who might not normally work together, and keeps the community’s approach consistent. This page provides an overview on how to use a multi-sectoral approach based on the experiences of communities across the country.

	= Key Information =		= Key Information =

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 *Family and friends of those in active use or recovery
 *Families of those lost to overdose
 '''Initial Outreach.''' Getting the desired partners to the table is not always easy. Although there are a number of ways to contact these groups, in-person and direct contact is always preferable. Several types of resistance may need to be addressed. Some organizations are not naturally inclined to work with other agencies.  For example, the harm reduction and law enforcement communities are not always natural allies in some communities. However, some very powerful work can be done when these two groups do come together and see the problem through each other’s lenses. Some organizations might not want to get involved because of their own perception of capacity (this is more work for me) or stigma (this is not my problem). It may be necessary to expend considerable effort to convince these groups that it is in the entire community’s interest to reverse the epidemic and that everyone has a contribution to make.
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 *'''No Judgement.''' The rise of the current epidemic has been created by a series of events outside of any local jurisdiction. It is not the fault of local governments and community leaders fighting the epidemic.
 *'''Common Goals'''. As part of initial discussions, it is important to talk about what all partners typically have in common - the desire to save lives and reduce suffering. While partners will vary in the approaches they use, and which they may feel are more effective, all involved want to see the same end result. It is important to focus on what the partners share in terms of outcomes they want to see and to allocate time to discuss how greater collaboration will benefit the efforts of all involved.
 = Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies =

Mlabrie21: Mlabrie21 moved page Strengthening Your Community Coalition to Apply a Multi-Sectoral Approach

2025-01-24T18:56:40Z

Mlabrie21 moved page Strengthening Your Community Coalition to Apply a Multi-Sectoral Approach

← Older revision	Revision as of 11:56, 24 January 2025
(No difference)

BasilSavitsky: /* Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies */

2024-11-25T00:47:02Z

Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies

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	= Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies =		= Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies =

	'''The Drug-Free Communities (DFC) Program''' is a nationwide, collaborative effort led by the ONDCP and CDC in which hundreds of local coalitions have participated. Funding ~~by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)~~ provides up to $125,000 per year for five years to local community coalitions to prevent and reduce youth substance use. <ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/grant-programs/dfc/</ref> Applicants are required to prove they are working towards multi-sectoral collaboration in the submission of letters of intent documenting the commitment of various types of agencies during the implementation of the grant. The coalition work must use evidence-based frameworks and address the unique community challenges surrounding substance use and overdoses. Annual data has shown a marked decrease in youth substance use. <ref>https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/featured-topics/drug-free-communities.html</ref>		'''The Drug-Free Communities (DFC) Program''' is a nationwide, collaborative effort led by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) and CDC in which hundreds of local coalitions have participated. Funding provides up to $125,000 per year for five years to local community coalitions to prevent and reduce youth substance use. <ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/grant-programs/dfc/</ref> Applicants are required to prove they are working towards multi-sectoral collaboration in the submission of letters of intent documenting the commitment of various types of agencies during the implementation of the grant. The coalition work must use evidence-based frameworks and address the unique community challenges surrounding substance use and overdoses. Annual data has shown a marked decrease in youth substance use. <ref>https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/featured-topics/drug-free-communities.html</ref>

	= Available Tools and Resources =		= Available Tools and Resources =

BasilSavitsky: /* Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies */

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Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies

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	*'''The Drug-Free Communities (DFC) Program''' is a nationwide, collaborative effort led by the ONDCP and CDC in which hundreds of local coalitions have participated. Funding by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) provides up to $125,000 per year for five years to local community coalitions ~~to apply evidence-informed strategies~~ to prevent and reduce youth substance use. <ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/grant-programs/dfc/</ref> Applicants are required to prove they are working towards multi-sectoral collaboration in the submission of letters of intent documenting various types of agencies during the implementation of the grant. The coalition work must use evidence-based frameworks and address the unique community challenges surrounding substance use and overdoses. Annual data has shown a marked decrease in youth substance use. <ref>https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/featured-topics/drug-free-communities.html</ref>		'''The Drug-Free Communities (DFC) Program''' is a nationwide, collaborative effort led by the ONDCP and CDC in which hundreds of local coalitions have participated. Funding by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) provides up to $125,000 per year for five years to local community coalitions to prevent and reduce youth substance use. <ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/grant-programs/dfc/</ref> Applicants are required to prove they are working towards multi-sectoral collaboration in the submission of letters of intent documenting the commitment of various types of agencies during the implementation of the grant. The coalition work must use evidence-based frameworks and address the unique community challenges surrounding substance use and overdoses. Annual data has shown a marked decrease in youth substance use. <ref>https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/featured-topics/drug-free-communities.html</ref>

	= Available Tools and Resources =		= Available Tools and Resources =

BasilSavitsky: /* Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies */

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Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies

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	'''Drug Free Communities (DFC)''' ~~There are~~ hundreds of local ~~substance use prevention~~ coalitions ~~that~~ have participated ~~in the DFC Program~~. Funding by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) provides up to $125,000 per year for five years to local community coalitions to apply evidence-informed strategies. <ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/grant-programs/dfc/</ref> Applicants are required to prove ~~a degree of~~ working towards multi-sectoral collaboration in the submission of letters of intent documenting various types of agencies during the implementation of the grant.		*'''The Drug-Free Communities (DFC) Program''' is a nationwide, collaborative effort led by the ONDCP and CDC in which hundreds of local coalitions have participated. Funding by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) provides up to $125,000 per year for five years to local community coalitions to apply evidence-informed strategies to prevent and reduce youth substance use. <ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/grant-programs/dfc/</ref> Applicants are required to prove they are working towards multi-sectoral collaboration in the submission of letters of intent documenting various types of agencies during the implementation of the grant. The coalition work must use evidence-based frameworks and address the unique community challenges surrounding substance use and overdoses. Annual data has shown a marked decrease in youth substance use. <ref>https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/featured-topics/drug-free-communities.html</ref>

	= Available Tools and Resources =		= Available Tools and Resources =

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Available Tools and Resources

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	~~Leaders~~ of ~~faith communities can support strategies to address substance misuse and support recovery~~ in ~~their community. Please see~~ the ~~Opioid Epidemic Practical Toolkit: Helping Faith and Community Leaders Bring Hope and Healing to Our Communities~~.<ref>~~https://www~~.~~hhs~~.~~gov/about/agencies/iea/partnerships/opioid~~-~~toolkit/index~~.~~html</ref> Programs like One Body Collaboratives <ref>http://www.onebodycollaboratives.org/</ref>and software like Meet the Need<ref>https~~:~~//meettheneed.org/</ref> can help engage and equip churches to participate in their communities. Churches, synagogues, mosques, and other faith groups can be a valuable bridge to the community. The~~ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has ~~a dedicated Center for Faith and Opportunity Initiatives,~~<ref>https://www.~~hhs~~.gov/~~about~~/~~agencies/iea/partnerships~~/opioid-~~toolkit/index.html~~</ref> ~~with an accessible online toolkit containing ideas to help engage your spiritual community, educate and build community capacity, and respond to the opioid health crisis.~~		'''SAMHSA''' promotes implementation of a systems approach in the advancement of recovery-oriented systems of care (ROSC). <ref>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2010). Recovery-oriented system of care (ROSC) resource guide. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. </ref> It has published "Engaging community coalitions to decrease opioid overdose deaths: Practice Guide 2023." <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/resource/ebp/engaging-community-coalitions-decrease-opioid-overdose-deaths-practice-guide-2023</ref>

	Harm-reduction organizations are nonprofit groups that advocate for public access to ~~naloxone~~, Good Samaritan laws protecting users from arrest if they call 911 to save a friend~~, needle exchanges, and in some cases safe-use zones~~. In many communities, harm-reduction and law enforcement ~~seem to be polar opposites~~. Law enforcement personnel are perceived as thinking only about arresting and jailing people for the illegal possession of drugs, while harm reduction organizations are perceived as focused on the complete legalization of all drugs. While each group certainly applies a different approach, both of these perceptions are false. Ensuring that law enforcement and harm-reduction organizations ~~in your community~~ are coordinating and collaborating is absolutely essential in the fight to end the opioid fatality epidemic. Harm-reduction coalitions have been essential in convincing law enforcement agencies to enact pre-arrest diversion programs. These programs provide low-level users the opportunity to seek treatment in lieu of facing charges or arrest. Law enforcement also must be at the table when harm-reduction organizations are planning new initiatives or programs. The Law Enforcement Action Partnership has compiled harm-reduction strategies supported by law enforcement professionals. Its list is ~~a great way to start~~ the conversation between these two communities, both focused on saving lives.<ref>https://cdn.americanprogress.org/content/uploads/2019/01/10055812/DaytonOpioids-fig9-693.png</ref>		'''Faith communities''' can support strategies to address substance misuse and support recovery in their community. Churches, synagogues, mosques, and other faith groups can be a valuable bridge to the community. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has a dedicated Center for Faith and Opportunity Initiatives with an accessible online toolkit containing ideas to help engage your spiritual community, educate and build community capacity, and respond to the opioid health crisis. <ref>https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/iea/partnerships/opioid-toolkit/index.html</ref> Other resources include:
			* The Opioid Epidemic Practical Toolkit: Helping Faith and Community Leaders Bring Hope and Healing to Our Communities.<ref>https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/iea/partnerships/opioid-toolkit/index.html</ref>
			*One Body Collaboratives <ref>http://www.onebodycollaboratives.org/</ref>
			*Meet the Need, a software package which can help engage and equip churches to participate in their communities. <ref>https://meettheneed.org/</ref>

			'''Harm-reduction organizations''' are nonprofit groups that advocate for public access to Naloxone, needle exchanges, and in some cases safe-use zones. They promote Good Samaritan laws protecting users from arrest if they call 911 to save a friend. In many communities, harm-reduction and law enforcement are polarized. Law enforcement personnel are often perceived as thinking only about arresting and jailing people for the illegal possession of drugs, while harm reduction organizations are perceived as focused on the complete legalization of all drugs. While each group certainly applies a different approach, both of these perceptions are false. Ensuring that law enforcement and harm-reduction organizations are coordinating and collaborating is absolutely essential in the fight to end the opioid fatality epidemic. Harm-reduction coalitions have been essential in convincing law enforcement agencies to enact pre-arrest diversion programs. These programs provide low-level users the opportunity to seek treatment in lieu of facing charges or arrest. Law enforcement also must be at the table when harm-reduction organizations are planning new initiatives or programs.
			* The Law Enforcement Action Partnership has compiled harm-reduction strategies supported by law enforcement professionals. Its list is useful in starting the conversation between these two communities, which are both focused on saving lives.<ref>https://cdn.americanprogress.org/content/uploads/2019/01/10055812/DaytonOpioids-fig9-693.png</ref>

	= Promising Practices =		= Promising Practices =

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Promising Practices

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	'''National Efforts.''' There are many national coalitions and organizations that ~~can~~ provide useful information and resources for local coalitions. These national groups are widely varied and numerous~~; therefore~~, it is important to research these organizations so local coalitions can verify that their goals and priorities are aligned with any national organization they choose to become involved with. A few examples follow, but there are many more at the national and even regional level.		'''National Efforts:''' There are many national coalitions and organizations that provide useful information and resources for local coalitions. These national groups are widely varied and numerous. Therefore, it is important to research these organizations so local coalitions can verify that their goals and priorities are aligned with any national organization they choose to become involved with. A few examples follow, but there are many more at the national and even regional level.

	* '''SAMHSA''' Implementation of a systems approach can be seen in the advancement of recovery-oriented systems of care (ROSC). <ref>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2010). Recovery-oriented system of care (ROSC) resource guide. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. </ref>

	* '''SAMHSA''' Engaging community coalitions to decrease opioid overdose deaths: Practice Guide 2023. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/resource/ebp/engaging-community-coalitions-decrease-opioid-overdose-deaths-practice-guide-2023</ref>

	* '''Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA)''' CADCA is the premier membership-based non-profit organization representing adult and youth coalition leaders throughout the United States and internationally - all working to make their communities safe, healthy, and drug-free. CADCA's model for community change represents a comprehensive, evidence-based, multi-sector approach to reduce underage and binge drinking, tobacco, illicit drugs, and the abuse of medicines.		* '''Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA)''' CADCA is the premier membership-based non-profit organization representing adult and youth coalition leaders throughout the United States and internationally - all working to make their communities safe, healthy, and drug-free. CADCA's model for community change represents a comprehensive, evidence-based, multi-sector approach to reduce underage and binge drinking, tobacco, illicit drugs, and the abuse of medicines.

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	= Key Information =		= Key Information =

	'''Why Start A Coalition?''' The substance use disorder epidemic (SUD) is a complex ~~problem requiring~~ a ~~highly~~ coordinated and ~~cooperative~~ response ~~from communities~~. The increase in non-fatal and fatal overdoses in recent years has caused many communities to realize that individual organizations cannot afford to work in silos. Communities addressing a crisis as large ~~as the addiction epidemic~~ will be poised for success if they have a unified strategy and a focus on broader common community goals, rather than on singular programmatic goals. There is clear understanding that partners across sectors must align and work together to develop and implement effective strategies to improve their collective response to the SUD epidemic. Communities, both large and small, can develop solutions that work for all of those touched by the ~~opioid and addiction~~ crisis, by bringing together and working with a broad range of stakeholders. Many local communities have successfully assembled coalitions to improve their response to the SUD epidemic. There is no one-size-fits-all set of practices for creating an effective coalition. The suggestions that follow are based on the experiences of many communities and are meant to serve as a guide for those looking to form a new coalition or expand and improve upon one that already exists.		'''Why Start A Coalition?''' The substance use disorder epidemic (SUD) is a complex issue that requires a coordinated, compassionate, and collaborative community response. The increase in non-fatal and fatal overdoses in recent years has caused many communities to realize that individual organizations cannot afford to work in silos. Communities addressing a crisis as large overdose and substance use will be poised for success if they have a unified strategy and a focus on broader common community goals, rather than on singular programmatic goals. There is clear understanding that partners across sectors must align and work together to develop and implement effective strategies to improve their collective response to the SUD epidemic. Communities, both large and small, can develop solutions that work for all of those touched by the crisis, by bringing together and working with a broad range of stakeholders. Many local communities have successfully assembled coalitions to improve their response to the SUD epidemic. There is no one-size-fits-all set of practices for creating an effective coalition. The suggestions that follow are based on the experiences of many communities and are meant to serve as a guide for those looking to form a new coalition or expand and improve upon one that already exists.

	'''Who Can Start A Coalition?'''		'''Who Can Start A Coalition?'''
	Anyone can. Coalitions and task forces are often ~~started~~ by locally elected leaders, public health departments, public safety agencies, community organizations, or even passionate individuals engaged in the fight to save lives and reduce harm created by drug ~~misuse~~ and SUD. Typically, coalitions are formed as a response to increased rates of overdose and overdose deaths. Regardless of who takes the initiative, it is important to be inclusive and identify stakeholders whose ultimate goals align. Get started by looking around the community and determining if there are similar existing efforts in which to get involved or add value. It’s important not to duplicate efforts. Is there a mechanism or coalition body already taking a comprehensive approach to addiction that can be leveraged?		Anyone can. Coalitions and task forces are often initiated by a variety of community members, including locally elected leaders, public health departments, public safety agencies, community organizations, or even passionate individuals engaged in the fight to save lives and reduce harm created by drug use and SUD. Typically, coalitions are formed as a response to increased rates of overdose and overdose deaths. Regardless of who takes the initiative, it is important to be inclusive and identify stakeholders whose ultimate goals align. Get started by looking around the community and determining if there are similar existing efforts in which to get involved or add value. It’s important not to duplicate efforts. Is there a mechanism or coalition body already taking a comprehensive approach to addiction that can be leveraged?

	'''Potential Partners and Their Roles.'''		'''Potential Partners and Their Roles.'''
	There are many potential partners who can be invited to join the coalition and improve the community response to ~~SUD~~. The following list is not intended to be all-inclusive, and it is not a requirement to have all of these agencies at the table. ~~These~~ are suggestions based on the types of partners which are most often brought together. It is important to establish a team of optimal size and with sufficient authority to plan and implement ideas and strategies effectively and efficiently. Does the team include leaders with the perceived power and authority in the community to make decisions and drive the implementation of new strategies? Does it include individuals who are trusted in the community and have connections to people and neighborhoods who can support grassroots efforts? Any or all of the following partners in the coalition can engage the broad community to build momentum:		There are many potential partners who can be invited to join the coalition and improve the community response to substance use impacts. The following list is not intended to be all-inclusive, and it is not a requirement to have all of these agencies at the table. Rather these are suggestions based on the types of partners which are most often brought together. It is important to establish a team of optimal size and with sufficient authority to plan and implement ideas and strategies effectively and efficiently. Does the team include leaders with the perceived power and authority in the community to make decisions and drive the implementation of new strategies? Does it include individuals who are trusted in the community and have connections to people and neighborhoods who can support grassroots efforts? Any or all of the following partners in the coalition can engage the broad community to build momentum:

	'''Government/Public Sector:'''		'''Government/Public Sector:'''
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	It is important to build trust from the outset. Some common advice heard from those who have been through the process of bringing together a coalition include:		It is important to build trust from the outset. Some common advice heard from those who have been through the process of bringing together a coalition include:

	*'''Honor the Work that has Been Done.''' ~~Everyone fighting this epidemic is doing their best and should always be recognized for their~~ efforts.		*'''Honor the Work that has Been Done.''' Acknowledge the efforts of everyone contributing.
	*'''Initiate.''' It does not matter how many community leaders attend first meeting. It could be five or as many as twenty. The important thing is to find people who are willing to work together to thoughtfully and comprehensively address a specific problem. Although the topic that brings all of the stakeholders together is difficult, it is the coalition leader’s job to bring energy and optimism to the movement. Because solutions might look different to each of the stakeholders, defining the common problem precisely is essential. A primary initiation goal should be to agree upon a meeting rhythm in which the coalition frequently gathers to review progress, update its plan, and share success stories.		*'''Initiate.''' It does not matter how many community leaders attend first meeting. It could be five or as many as twenty. The important thing is to find people who are willing to work together to thoughtfully and comprehensively address a specific problem. Although the topic that brings all of the stakeholders together is difficult, it is the coalition leader’s job to bring energy and optimism to the movement. Because solutions might look different to each of the stakeholders, defining the common problem precisely is essential. A primary initiation goal should be to agree upon a meeting rhythm in which the coalition frequently gathers to review progress, update its plan, and share success stories.
	*'''No Judgement.''' The rise of the current epidemic has been created by a series of events outside of any local jurisdiction. It is not the fault of local governments and community leaders fighting the epidemic.		*'''No Judgement.''' The rise of the current epidemic has been created by a series of events outside of any local jurisdiction. It is not the fault of local governments and community leaders fighting the epidemic, but rather a series of complex and interconnected factors. Focus on solutions rather than assigning blame.
	*'''Common Goals'''. As part of initial discussions, it is important to talk about what all partners typically have in common - the desire to save lives and reduce suffering. While partners will vary in the approaches they use, and which they may feel are more effective, all involved ~~want to see the same end result~~. It is important to focus on what the partners share in terms of outcomes they want to see and to allocate time to discuss how greater collaboration will benefit the efforts of all involved.		*'''Common Goals'''. As part of initial discussions, it is important to talk about what all partners typically have in common - the desire to save lives and reduce suffering. While partners will vary in the approaches they use, and which they may feel are more effective, all involved share a common goal. It is important to focus on what the partners share in terms of outcomes they want to see and to allocate time to discuss how greater collaboration will benefit the efforts of all involved.

	'''Continuous Outreach.'''As the coalition progresses, the needs of the coalition will change over time. Usually, the composition of the coalition will change as well. There are many examples where organizations may need to expand services or take on new roles to address the ~~SUD epidemic~~, especially in underserved areas of the community. This might include:		'''Continuous Outreach.'''As the coalition progresses, the needs of the coalition will change over time. Usually, the composition of the coalition will change as well. There are many examples where organizations may need to expand services or take on new roles to address the local efforts, especially in underserved areas of the community. This might include:

	*Police working with peer recovery specialists/coaches in cases of overdose		*Police working with peer recovery specialists/coaches in cases of overdose,
	*Community organizations taking on prevention/education/training roles		*Community organizations taking on prevention/education/training roles, or
	*Hospitals coordinating with area treatment providers to help overdose patients		*Hospitals coordinating with area treatment providers to help overdose patients.

	Do new roles need to be taken on by government agencies and/or community groups? If so, who and what new roles would be helpful? Who should the coalition include to create new or expanded partnerships in the region? Ideally, what role(s) would they take on? As a coalition matures, it develops a capacity to move beyond an exclusive focus on risk factor reduction and develop more functions linked to enhancing protective factors. (See SAFE Solution article titled, “Address Risk & Protective Factors for Individuals, Families, and Communities." <ref>https://www.yoursafesolutions.us/wiki/Address_Risk_%26_Protective_Factors_for_Individuals,_Families,_and_Communities</ref>) Increasing the scope of work on protective factors creates opportunities to link with new allies working in related fields, such as substance use prevention, suicide prevention, and the prevention of gun violence or domestic violence. While each partner may have different objectives in their efforts on risk factor reduction, their strategies for enhancing protective factors are often identical. This creates a natural bridge-point for increasing collaboration.		Do new roles need to be taken on by government agencies and/or community groups? If so, who and what new roles would be helpful? Who should the coalition include to create new or expanded partnerships in the region? Ideally, what role(s) would they take on? As a coalition matures, it develops a capacity to move beyond an exclusive focus on risk factor reduction and develop more functions linked to enhancing protective factors. (See SAFE Solution article titled, “Address Risk & Protective Factors for Individuals, Families, and Communities." <ref>https://www.yoursafesolutions.us/wiki/Address_Risk_%26_Protective_Factors_for_Individuals,_Families,_and_Communities</ref>) Increasing the scope of work on protective factors creates opportunities to link with new allies working in related fields, such as substance use prevention, suicide prevention, and the prevention of gun violence or domestic violence. While each partner may have different objectives in their efforts on risk factor reduction, their strategies for enhancing protective factors are often identical. This creates a natural bridge-point for increasing collaboration.