Empower Parents - Revision history

BasilSavitsky: /* Available Tools and Resources */

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Available Tools and Resources

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	= Available Tools and Resources =		= Available Tools and Resources =



	'''SAMHSA''' provides a quick sheet on the 5 conversation goals for parents when discussing substance use with their kids. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/talk-they-hear-you/parent-resources/five-conversation-goals</ref> The SAMHSA National Hotline is a confidential information service that is free, available 24 hours a day and365 days a year. It provides services in English and Spanish for individuals and family members facing mental and/or substance use disorders. They also provide many links with helpful information to help families and individuals answer important questions about drug abuse and recovery. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline </ref>		'''SAMHSA''' provides a quick sheet on the 5 conversation goals for parents when discussing substance use with their kids. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/talk-they-hear-you/parent-resources/five-conversation-goals</ref> The SAMHSA National Hotline is a confidential information service that is free, available 24 hours a day and365 days a year. It provides services in English and Spanish for individuals and family members facing mental and/or substance use disorders. They also provide many links with helpful information to help families and individuals answer important questions about drug abuse and recovery. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline </ref>
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	'''Infographics''' are provided on this website regarding adolescent substance use data and impacts. <ref>https://ezcoalition.org/youth-prescription-drug-abuse-prevention/</ref>		'''Infographics''' are provided on this website regarding adolescent substance use data and impacts. <ref>https://ezcoalition.org/youth-prescription-drug-abuse-prevention/</ref>

	'''Drugfree.~~org~~''' is a hotline that allows parents to speak to other trained parents about substance ~~abuse~~ issues. <ref>https://drugfree.org/</ref>		'''Drugfree.Org''' has information for parents on how open communication can foster a strong bond with teens and can help to prevent future substance use. Since females of reproductive age can fall into this category (teens living at home), this is a great resource for parents who want to strengthen their relationships with their teens in order to prevent substance use and other harmful behaviors. <ref>https://drugfree.org/article/connecting-with-your-teen/</ref> Drugfree.org also offers a hotline that allows parents to speak to other trained parents about substance use issues. <ref>https://drugfree.org/</ref>

	'''Drug Prevention Resources''' has an abundance of tools and resources to help parents to reduce the likelihood of their kids using drugs.		'''Drug Prevention Resources''' has an abundance of tools and resources to help parents to reduce the likelihood of their kids using drugs.
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	'''The National Academy for State Health Policy''' offers a toolkit titled "Youth Crisis Receiving and Stabilization Facilities which includes reports on positive cases from a variety of states. <ref>https://nashp.org/youth-crisis-receiving-and-stabilization-facilities/?utm_source=Nashp+Enews&utm_campaign=1b19b3a4bf-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_OCT_17_2023&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_afe3b8a6e2-1b19b3a4bf-604326169</ref>		'''The National Academy for State Health Policy''' offers a toolkit titled "Youth Crisis Receiving and Stabilization Facilities which includes reports on positive cases from a variety of states. <ref>https://nashp.org/youth-crisis-receiving-and-stabilization-facilities/?utm_source=Nashp+Enews&utm_campaign=1b19b3a4bf-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_OCT_17_2023&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_afe3b8a6e2-1b19b3a4bf-604326169</ref>

			'''PowerToDecide.org''' has 10 tips to help parents engage in conversation about preventing teen pregnancy. <ref>https://powertodecide.org/sites/default/files/resources/primary-download/10tips_final.pdf</ref>

			'''Substance Use Risk Assessment for Teens''' is an online risk assessment for parents to help identify the risks associated with teen substance abuse. This is a great tool that provides important educational information as well as links to treatment resources. It should be noted that the risk assessment is not a diagnostic tool, but may be a first step in identifying if professional help is needed. <ref>https://drugfree.org/substance-use-risk-assessment/</ref>

	'''Model Curricula for Families and Parenting:'''		'''Model Curricula for Families and Parenting:'''

BasilSavitsky: /* Available Tools and Resources */

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Available Tools and Resources

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	'''The National Academy for State Health Policy''' offers a toolkit titled "Youth Crisis Receiving and Stabilization Facilities which includes reports on positive cases from a variety of states. <ref>https://nashp.org/youth-crisis-receiving-and-stabilization-facilities/?utm_source=Nashp+Enews&utm_campaign=1b19b3a4bf-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_OCT_17_2023&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_afe3b8a6e2-1b19b3a4bf-604326169</ref>		'''The National Academy for State Health Policy''' offers a toolkit titled "Youth Crisis Receiving and Stabilization Facilities which includes reports on positive cases from a variety of states. <ref>https://nashp.org/youth-crisis-receiving-and-stabilization-facilities/?utm_source=Nashp+Enews&utm_campaign=1b19b3a4bf-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_OCT_17_2023&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_afe3b8a6e2-1b19b3a4bf-604326169</ref>

	'''Model Curricula for ~~families~~ and Parenting:'''		'''Model Curricula for Families and Parenting:'''

	'''Gobi''' is an online prevention program designed by professionals and young adults for teens and their families. It is designed specifically for teens, using a tool they already have in hand. Every day for 21 days teens get an assignment on their smartphone which takes 5 minutes per day. Several times a week they get a supportive text message that is meant to be irreverent, humorous, cynical, and just offensive enough to keep them laughing (and engaged). Parents are involved and get their own series of emails on adolescent development and communication skills. Teens are asked three times to schedule a time to talk with their parents. Topics and guidelines are included to make the conversation as successful as possible. Teens that use Gobi report: <ref>https://www.gobi.support/</ref>		'''Gobi''' is an online prevention program designed by professionals and young adults for teens and their families. It is designed specifically for teens, using a tool they already have in hand. Every day for 21 days teens get an assignment on their smartphone which takes 5 minutes per day. Several times a week they get a supportive text message that is meant to be irreverent, humorous, cynical, and just offensive enough to keep them laughing (and engaged). Parents are involved and get their own series of emails on adolescent development and communication skills. Teens are asked three times to schedule a time to talk with their parents. Topics and guidelines are included to make the conversation as successful as possible. Teens that use Gobi report: <ref>https://www.gobi.support/</ref>

BasilSavitsky: /* Available Tools and Resources */

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Available Tools and Resources

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	'''The National Academy for State Health Policy''' offers a toolkit titled "Youth Crisis Receiving and Stabilization Facilities which includes reports on positive cases from a variety of states. <ref>https://nashp.org/youth-crisis-receiving-and-stabilization-facilities/?utm_source=Nashp+Enews&utm_campaign=1b19b3a4bf-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_OCT_17_2023&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_afe3b8a6e2-1b19b3a4bf-604326169</ref>		'''The National Academy for State Health Policy''' offers a toolkit titled "Youth Crisis Receiving and Stabilization Facilities which includes reports on positive cases from a variety of states. <ref>https://nashp.org/youth-crisis-receiving-and-stabilization-facilities/?utm_source=Nashp+Enews&utm_campaign=1b19b3a4bf-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_OCT_17_2023&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_afe3b8a6e2-1b19b3a4bf-604326169</ref>

			'''Model Curricula for families and Parenting:'''

			'''Gobi''' is an online prevention program designed by professionals and young adults for teens and their families. It is designed specifically for teens, using a tool they already have in hand. Every day for 21 days teens get an assignment on their smartphone which takes 5 minutes per day. Several times a week they get a supportive text message that is meant to be irreverent, humorous, cynical, and just offensive enough to keep them laughing (and engaged). Parents are involved and get their own series of emails on adolescent development and communication skills. Teens are asked three times to schedule a time to talk with their parents. Topics and guidelines are included to make the conversation as successful as possible. Teens that use Gobi report: <ref>https://www.gobi.support/</ref>
			*Improved relationship with their parents
			*A decrease in their use of drugs and alcohol
			*Better ability to manage stress
			*Increased awareness of their choices
			*Signing up for Gobi is free to use by both parents and youth.
			*More information on adopting the Gobi program

			'''Guiding Good Choices''' is a family-centered competency training for parents to build skills to help reduce the risk of children using substances. It helps to:
			*Identify risk and protective factors for use in family strategies
			*Develop effective parenting practices
			*Family conflict management
			*Use “family meetings” for family management and positive involvement <ref>https://www.blueprintsprograms.org/guiding-good-choices-ggc/</ref>.

			'''Incredible Years ''' is offered to parents whose children have been screened for disruptive behaviors during toddler well visits. The program offered group parenting classes that reduced negative parenting styles and parent-child interactions. Prevention of negative parenting styles has a direct impact on social, emotional, and physiological functioning in children and reduces adolescent and adult substance use. <ref>https://nam.edu/perspectives-2015-unleashing-the-power-of-prevention/</ref>

			'''Parent SMART''' is an innovative technology-based parental intervention strategy. It increases parental involvement in adolescent substance use treatment, including questionnaires and behavioral intervention tasks following treatment. The intervention tasks showed significant improvement in positive parental involvement and parenting processes with the child undergoing treatment for substance use. <ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23794925.2021.1961644</ref>

			'''The Strengthening Families Program (SFP)''' is a seven-session, evidence-based program for families with adolescent children. This program is designed to provide at-risk parents with necessary parenting skills that may lead to a reduction in substance use later in life. The results of the program have been evaluated in multiple different studies that took place in 17 different countries. The program has proven to be effective at reducing risk factors for adolescent substance use, mental health problems, and delinquency. The program also showed a positive influence on parental stress and parenting skills that helped to reduce child maltreatment by educating parents on stress and anger management techniques. <ref>https://strengtheningfamiliesprogram.org</ref>

	= Promising Practices =		= Promising Practices =

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Promising Practices

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	'''Parent Partners''' are known by a number of different titles, such as parent mentors, parents for parents, veteran parents, and parent allies. They are parents with previous direct experience in the child welfare system who assist parents currently involved or at risk of becoming involved with the child welfare system. Parent Partner Programs can be court-based, within child welfare agencies, part of law offices, or independent. <ref>https://www.ncsc.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/17900/parent-partner-programs-final.pdf</ref>		'''Parent Partners''' are known by a number of different titles, such as parent mentors, parents for parents, veteran parents, and parent allies. They are parents with previous direct experience in the child welfare system who assist parents currently involved or at risk of becoming involved with the child welfare system. Parent Partner Programs can be court-based, within child welfare agencies, part of law offices, or independent. <ref>https://www.ncsc.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/17900/parent-partner-programs-final.pdf</ref>

	'''Gobi''' is an online prevention program designed by professionals and young adults for teens and their families. It is designed specifically for teens, using a tool they already have in hand. Every day for 21 days teens get an assignment on their smartphone which takes 5 minutes per day. Several times a week they get a supportive text message that is meant to be irreverent, humorous, cynical, and just offensive enough to keep them laughing (and engaged). Parents are involved and get their own series of emails on adolescent development and communication skills. Teens are asked three times to schedule a time to talk with their parents. Topics and guidelines are included to make the conversation as successful as possible. Teens that use Gobi report: <ref>https://www.gobi.support/</ref>
	*Improved relationship with their parents
	*A decrease in their use of drugs and alcohol
	*Better ability to manage stress
	*Increased awareness of their choices
	*Signing up for Gobi is free to use by both parents and youth.
	*More information on adopting the Gobi program

	~~'''Guiding Good Choices''' is a family-centered competency training for parents to build skills to help reduce the risk of children using substances. It helps to:~~
	*Identify risk and protective factors for use in family strategies
	*Develop effective parenting practices
	*Family conflict management
	*Use “family meetings” for family management and positive involvement <ref>https://www.blueprintsprograms.org/guiding-good-choices-ggc/</ref>.

	'''Incredible Years ''' is offered to parents whose children have been screened for disruptive behaviors during toddler well visits. The program offered group parenting classes that reduced negative parenting styles and parent-child interactions. Prevention of negative parenting styles has a direct impact on social, emotional, and physiological functioning in children and reduces adolescent and adult substance use. <ref>https://nam.edu/perspectives-2015-unleashing-the-power-of-prevention/</ref>

	'''Parent SMART''' is an innovative technology-based parental intervention strategy. It increases parental involvement in adolescent substance use treatment, including questionnaires and behavioral intervention tasks following treatment. The intervention tasks showed significant improvement in positive parental involvement and parenting processes with the child undergoing treatment for substance use. <ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23794925.2021.1961644</ref>

	'''The Strengthening Families Program (SFP)''' is a seven-session, evidence-based program for families with adolescent children. This program is designed to provide at-risk parents with necessary parenting skills that may lead to a reduction in substance use later in life. The results of the program have been evaluated in multiple different studies that took place in 17 different countries. The program has proven to be effective at reducing risk factors for adolescent substance use, mental health problems, and delinquency. The program also showed a positive influence on parental stress and parenting skills that helped to reduce child maltreatment by educating parents on stress and anger management techniques. <ref>https://strengtheningfamiliesprogram.org</ref>

	= Sources =		= Sources =

BasilSavitsky: /* Relevant Research */

2024-11-24T20:10:18Z

Relevant Research

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	'''Parent-child discussions''' on substance use, especially those that are open and frequent, along with clear and firm rules, are regarded as a primary defense against teenage substance use. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/talk-they-hear-you/parent-resources/why-you-should-talk-your-child</ref> <ref>https://drugfree.org/article/connecting-with-your-teen/</ref> <ref>https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/teen-addiction/drug/how-to-talk-about-drugs/</ref>		'''Parent-child discussions''' on substance use, especially those that are open and frequent, along with clear and firm rules, are regarded as a primary defense against teenage substance use. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/talk-they-hear-you/parent-resources/why-you-should-talk-your-child</ref> <ref>https://drugfree.org/article/connecting-with-your-teen/</ref> <ref>https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/teen-addiction/drug/how-to-talk-about-drugs/</ref>

			'''This report''' highlights survey results that reveal the disconnect between parent knowledge and behavior regarding safe storage of medicine.<ref>https://www.safekids.org/node/25758</ref>

	'''Important Statistics and Types of Drugs Being Used''' The National Center for Drug Abuse Statistics has the most current and comprehensive data involving youth substance use by grade, substance type, and state. <ref>https://drugabusestatistics.org/teen-drug-use/</ref> The Center reports that 21.3% of 8th graders and 46.6% of 12th graders have used an illicit drug, with teenagers being responsible for 11.2% of overdose deaths. <ref>https://drugabusestatistics.org/teen-drug-use/</ref> Additional substance-specific statistics follow:		'''Important Statistics and Types of Drugs Being Used''' The National Center for Drug Abuse Statistics has the most current and comprehensive data involving youth substance use by grade, substance type, and state. <ref>https://drugabusestatistics.org/teen-drug-use/</ref> The Center reports that 21.3% of 8th graders and 46.6% of 12th graders have used an illicit drug, with teenagers being responsible for 11.2% of overdose deaths. <ref>https://drugabusestatistics.org/teen-drug-use/</ref> Additional substance-specific statistics follow:

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Introductory Paragraph

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	= Introductory Paragraph =		= Introductory Paragraph =

	Nobody is free from the risk of drug use ~~addiction~~. While parents tend to think of children as innocent and safely removed from the risk of drug use, the fact remains that they are highly susceptible to experimenting with and becoming addicted to a wide array of drugs. One motivating statistic to keep in mind is: 90% of people with ~~addiction~~ started using substances in their teen years. <ref>https://drugfree.org/article/risk-factors-problem-use-addiction/</ref> Whether they obtain them at home, at school, from friends, or elsewhere, it is all too easy for adolescents to fall into drug use ~~which will~~ impair their future. Parents have a significant influence on whether or not their children choose to use drugs. A basic understanding of the need to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors helps parents to balance the messages that they send to their children. There are a wide variety of resources and programs that are available to assist parents in building developmental assets and reducing the likelihood of children using substances. <ref>https://searchinstitute.org/</ref>		Nobody is free from the risk of drug use. While parents tend to think of children as innocent and safely removed from the risk of drug use, the fact remains that they are highly susceptible to experimenting with and becoming addicted to a wide array of drugs. One motivating statistic to keep in mind is: 90% of people with substance use disorder started using substances in their teen years. <ref>https://drugfree.org/article/risk-factors-problem-use-addiction/</ref> Whether they obtain them at home, at school, from friends, or elsewhere, it is all too easy for adolescents to fall into drug use and to impair their future. Parents have a significant influence on whether or not their children choose to use drugs. A basic understanding of the need to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors helps parents to balance the messages that they send to their children. There are a wide variety of resources and programs that are available to assist parents in building developmental assets and reducing the likelihood of children using substances. <ref>https://searchinstitute.org/</ref>

	Having children can be physically, financially, and emotionally challenging for many parents, especially when trying to ensure a drug-free future. Utilizing resources may assist parents in providing a hopeful future and eliminate risks which are detrimental to kids' overall health and wellness. Parents can inadvertently send messages to their children that may confuse them about the family stance on drug use. For example, not having clear communication about drug use, using substances with or around children, and watching television shows or movies that depict drug use can sometimes detrimentally impact children and put them at a greater risk of using substances in the future. Parents can empower themselves and set clear expectations regarding drug use by engaging in programs and becoming proactive in their parenting approach. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2916744/</ref> They can also support school prevention programs need the backing of families and the entire community. When the consistent message is sent throughout the socio-ecological domains (family, school, community) that drug use is not tolerated, it has a powerful effect on young people.		Having children can be physically, financially, and emotionally challenging for many parents, especially when trying to ensure a drug-free future. Utilizing resources may assist parents in providing a hopeful future and eliminate risks which are detrimental to kids' overall health and wellness. Parents can inadvertently send messages to their children that may confuse them about the family stance on drug use. For example, not having clear communication about drug use, using substances with or around children, and watching television shows or movies that depict drug use can sometimes detrimentally impact children and put them at a greater risk of using substances in the future. Parents can empower themselves and set clear expectations regarding drug use by engaging in programs and becoming proactive in their parenting approach. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2916744/</ref> They can also support school prevention programs which need the backing of families and the entire community. When the consistent message is sent throughout the socio-ecological domains (family, school, community) that drug use is not tolerated, it has a powerful effect on young people.

	The Key Information section of this article is includes information on the signs of drug use. In addition, the Relevant Research section of this article includes statistical data on common drugs, so that parents can be informed about the current status of national patterns.		The Key Information section of this article includes information on the signs of drug use. In addition, the Relevant Research section of this article includes statistical data on common drugs, so that parents can be informed about the current status of national patterns.

	= Key Information =		= Key Information =

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Introductory Paragraph

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	Parents have a significant influence on whether or not their children choose to use drugs. A basic understanding of the need to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors helps parents to balance the messages that they send to their children. There are a wide variety of resources and programs that are available to assist parents in building developmental assets and reducing the likelihood of children using substances. <ref>https://searchinstitute.org/</ref>		Nobody is free from the risk of drug use addiction. While parents tend to think of children as innocent and safely removed from the risk of drug use, the fact remains that they are highly susceptible to experimenting with and becoming addicted to a wide array of drugs. One motivating statistic to keep in mind is: 90% of people with addiction started using substances in their teen years. <ref>https://drugfree.org/article/risk-factors-problem-use-addiction/</ref> Whether they obtain them at home, at school, from friends, or elsewhere, it is all too easy for adolescents to fall into drug use which will impair their future. Parents have a significant influence on whether or not their children choose to use drugs. A basic understanding of the need to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors helps parents to balance the messages that they send to their children. There are a wide variety of resources and programs that are available to assist parents in building developmental assets and reducing the likelihood of children using substances. <ref>https://searchinstitute.org/</ref>

	Having children can be physically, financially, and emotionally challenging for many parents, especially when trying to ensure a drug-free future. Utilizing resources may assist parents in providing a hopeful future and eliminate risks which are detrimental to kids' overall health and wellness. Parents can inadvertently send messages to their children that may confuse them about the family stance on drug use. For example, not having clear communication about drug use, using substances with or around children, and watching television shows or movies that depict drug use can sometimes detrimentally impact children and put them at a greater risk of using substances in the future. Parents can empower themselves and set clear expectations regarding drug use by engaging in programs and becoming proactive in their parenting approach. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2916744/</ref>		Having children can be physically, financially, and emotionally challenging for many parents, especially when trying to ensure a drug-free future. Utilizing resources may assist parents in providing a hopeful future and eliminate risks which are detrimental to kids' overall health and wellness. Parents can inadvertently send messages to their children that may confuse them about the family stance on drug use. For example, not having clear communication about drug use, using substances with or around children, and watching television shows or movies that depict drug use can sometimes detrimentally impact children and put them at a greater risk of using substances in the future. Parents can empower themselves and set clear expectations regarding drug use by engaging in programs and becoming proactive in their parenting approach. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2916744/</ref> They can also support school prevention programs need the backing of families and the entire community. When the consistent message is sent throughout the socio-ecological domains (family, school, community) that drug use is not tolerated, it has a powerful effect on young people.

	~~School prevention programs need the support~~ of ~~families and the entire community. When the consistent message~~ is ~~sent throughout~~ the ~~socio-ecological domains (family, school, community) that~~ drug use ~~is not tolerated~~, ~~it has a powerful effect~~ on ~~young people~~.		The Key Information section of this article is includes information on the signs of drug use. In addition, the Relevant Research section of this article includes statistical data on common drugs, so that parents can be informed about the current status of national patterns.

	= Key Information =		= Key Information =

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Key Information

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	= Key Information =		= Key Information =

	Perhaps the single and most important thing which can advance parental understanding of drug use is that substance use disorder is a disease. There is a social stigma surrounding drug use, a notion that one can “just quit” if they really wanted to. While there are people who’ve been able to leave substance abuse behind “cold turkey,” this is not as easy as it seems. Parents and guardians must come to recognize substance ~~abuse~~ as a disease that alters the brain and should be treated without judgment and with much care. The American Medical Association, the American Society of Addiction Medicine, and the DSM-V recognize substance ~~abuse~~ as a medical and mental health condition that requires positive intervention. The cognitive alterations caused by substance use rewire the brain and body to reward continued use, making cessation increasingly difficult based on duration and the type of drug used. <ref>https://drugfree.org/article/is-addiction-a-disease/</ref>		Perhaps the single and most important thing which can advance parental understanding of drug use is that substance use disorder is a disease. There is a social stigma surrounding drug use, a notion that one can “just quit” if they really wanted to. While there are people who’ve been able to leave substance abuse behind “cold turkey,” this is not as easy as it seems. Parents and guardians must come to recognize substance use disorder as a disease that alters the brain and should be treated without judgment and with much care. The American Medical Association, the American Society of Addiction Medicine, and the DSM-V recognize substance use disorder as a medical and mental health condition that requires positive intervention. The cognitive alterations caused by substance use rewire the brain and body to reward continued use, making cessation increasingly difficult based on duration and the type of drug used. <ref>https://drugfree.org/article/is-addiction-a-disease/</ref>

	Once this foundation is clear, it is useful to gain additional detailed information about the implications of teenage substance use (including biological, psychological, and social impacts), the signs of substance use, and specific methods to take in reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors

	'''Parent's Role in Prevention and Recovery'''		'''Parent's Role in Prevention and Recovery'''
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	'''Parents Can Influence Use of Prescription Opioids'''		'''Parents Can Influence Use of Prescription Opioids'''


	In many cases, doctors, dentists, and oral surgeons are still prescribing opioids to teens. Many parents, especially parents of student-athletes, may not realize the risks. One way to mitigate this issue is for doctors and pharmacists to educate parents on the risks of prescription opioids and encourage parents to work with their medical providers to reduce the possibility of their children misusing prescription pain medications. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6397009/</ref> Research shows that youth who are prescribed opioids before graduating from high school are 33 percent more likely to misuse prescription opioids after graduation. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/TTHY-Opioid-Broch-2020.pdf</ref> Parents and caregivers can drastically reduce the risk of opioid misuse by having a strong, open, and honest relationship with their children.		In many cases, doctors, dentists, and oral surgeons are still prescribing opioids to teens. Many parents, especially parents of student-athletes, may not realize the risks. One way to mitigate this issue is for doctors and pharmacists to educate parents on the risks of prescription opioids and encourage parents to work with their medical providers to reduce the possibility of their children misusing prescription pain medications. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6397009/</ref> Research shows that youth who are prescribed opioids before graduating from high school are 33 percent more likely to misuse prescription opioids after graduation. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/TTHY-Opioid-Broch-2020.pdf</ref> Parents and caregivers can drastically reduce the risk of opioid misuse by having a strong, open, and honest relationship with their children.

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Key Information

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 = Key Information =
 '''Parent's Role in Prevention and Recovery'''
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 '''Parents Can Influence Use of Prescription Opioids'''
 In many cases, doctors, dentists, and oral surgeons are still prescribing opioids to teens. Many parents, especially parents of student-athletes, may not realize the risks. One way to mitigate this issue is for doctors and pharmacists to educate parents on the risks of prescription opioids and encourage parents to work with their medical providers to reduce the possibility of their children misusing prescription pain medications.  <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6397009/</ref> Research shows that youth who are prescribed opioids before graduating from high school are 33 percent more likely to misuse prescription opioids after graduation. <ref>https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/TTHY-Opioid-Broch-2020.pdf</ref> Parents and caregivers can drastically reduce the risk of opioid misuse by having a strong, open, and honest relationship with their children.
 = Relevant Research =

BasilSavitsky: /* Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies */

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Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies

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	However, it is difficult to formulate policy for affairs considered to be under familial jurisdiction. Most state and federal efforts in this domain are less oriented to prevention than to intervention, such as truancy within an educational system or a level of neglect or abuse requiring intervention through social services. Thus, prevention policies have focused more upon reduction of risk factors than policy oriented towards enhancement of protective factors. Statistical correlation of the involvement of substance use with social services intervention has made prevention an increasingly attractive investment on the part of county commissioners who have seen a skyrocketing in their annual budgets associated with the costs of foster care. There is potential to implement policy at this local community scale, such as incentivizing participation in the development of parenting skills. Likewise, any state-wide policies which require counties to provide explicit channels for increasing family programming would be an example of this type of policy formulation. A current example resides in the allocation of funds from opioid settlements.		However, it is difficult to formulate policy for affairs considered to be under familial jurisdiction. Most state and federal efforts in this domain are less oriented to prevention than to intervention, such as truancy within an educational system or a level of neglect or abuse requiring intervention through social services. Thus, prevention policies have focused more upon reduction of risk factors than policy oriented towards enhancement of protective factors. Statistical correlation of the involvement of substance use with social services intervention has made prevention an increasingly attractive investment on the part of county commissioners who have seen a skyrocketing in their annual budgets associated with the costs of foster care. There is potential to implement policy at this local community scale, such as incentivizing participation in the development of parenting skills. Likewise, any state-wide policies which require counties to provide explicit channels for increasing family programming would be an example of this type of policy formulation. A current example resides in the allocation of funds from opioid settlements.

	*'''Policy variations and gaps.''' Policies regarding adolescent use of substance use treatment centers vary state by state. Kerwin, et al. (2015) provide a table that shows each state’s policy regarding minor or parental consent for substance and mental health treatment. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4393016/</ref> It is important to know local policies which protect the privacy of the adolescent seeking treatment, whether the parent needs to provide consent, and areas where adolescents can be forcibly put into treatment. As of this paper, only Virginia requires the consent of both the parent and child for inpatient substance abuse and mental health treatment. While adults are charged with the care of their children, not all youth have access to safe, caring grown-ups. They are less likely to have an adult who will educate them on the dangers of substance use and abuse. Interventions for such youth should be considered a policy priority.		'''Policy variations and gaps.''' Policies regarding adolescent use of substance use treatment centers vary state by state. Kerwin, et al. (2015) provide a table that shows each state’s policy regarding minor or parental consent for substance and mental health treatment. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4393016/</ref> It is important to know local policies which protect the privacy of the adolescent seeking treatment, whether the parent needs to provide consent, and areas where adolescents can be forcibly put into treatment. As of this paper, only Virginia requires the consent of both the parent and child for inpatient substance abuse and mental health treatment. While adults are charged with the care of their children, not all youth have access to safe, caring grown-ups. They are less likely to have an adult who will educate them on the dangers of substance use and abuse. Interventions for such youth should be considered a policy priority.

	*'''The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry''' has published a national policy regarding the oral care of adolescents with substance use. <ref>https://www.aapd.org/globalassets/media/policies_guidelines/p_substanceabuse.pdf</ref> It addresses the need for awareness and implementation of special treatment approaches.		'''The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry''' has published a national policy regarding the oral care of adolescents with substance use. <ref>https://www.aapd.org/globalassets/media/policies_guidelines/p_substanceabuse.pdf</ref> It addresses the need for awareness and implementation of special treatment approaches.

	*'''The American Academy of Pediatrics''' provides its national policy on screening, brief intervention, and treatment referral for pediatric substance use. It provides recommendations for pediatricians and health insurance providers regarding best practice information for adolescents using substances. <ref>https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/138/1/e20161210/52573/Substance-Use-Screening-Brief-Intervention-and		'''The American Academy of Pediatrics''' provides its national policy on screening, brief intervention, and treatment referral for pediatric substance use. It provides recommendations for pediatricians and health insurance providers regarding best practice information for adolescents using substances. <ref>https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/138/1/e20161210/52573/Substance-Use-Screening-Brief-Intervention-and
	</ref>		</ref>