Prevention - Revision history

Mlabrie21 at 18:11, 24 January 2025

2025-01-24T18:11:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:11, 24 January 2025
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	=Focus on Youth and Families=		=Focus on Youth and Families=
	The second set of strategies takes a deeper look at the four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual, youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these are embedded. Early prevention strategies over-emphasized education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just Say No"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:		The second set of strategies takes a deeper look at the four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual, youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these are embedded. Early prevention strategies over-emphasized education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just Say No"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:
	*"[[Increase Awareness ~~of Risks~~ of SUD on ~~the Baby~~]]" addresses Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).		*"[[Increase Awareness of SUD Impacts on a Fetus]]" addresses Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).
	*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward an increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.		*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward an increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.
	*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.		*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.

Mlabrie21 at 18:06, 24 January 2025

2025-01-24T18:06:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 24 January 2025
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	=The Field of Prevention Science=		=The Field of Prevention Science=
	The first cluster is focused on the field of prevention science. It includes the following strategies:		The first cluster is focused on the field of prevention science. It includes the following strategies:
	*"[[~~Addressing~~ Risk ~~and~~ Protective Factors for Individuals, Families, and Communities]]" provides examples of the two functions of prevention science — reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors. It also covers the Socio-Ecological Model, Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF), and the National Prevention Strategy.		*"[[Address Risk & Protective Factors for Individuals, Families, and Communities]]" provides examples of the two functions of prevention science — reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors. It also covers the Socio-Ecological Model, Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF), and the National Prevention Strategy.
	*"[[Expand Positive Recreation Opportunities]]" contextualizes prevention science within the behavioral health work on health and wellbeing.		*"[[Expand Positive Recreation Opportunities]]" contextualizes prevention science within the behavioral health work on health and wellbeing.
	*"[[Integrate Substance Use Prevention ~~with~~ Mental Health Services]]" unpacks co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. The current partitioning of behavioral health care misses the interaction between substance use medication (and self-medication) related to stress management and depression.		*"[[Integrate Substance Use Prevention & Mental Health Services]]" unpacks co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. The current partitioning of behavioral health care misses the interaction between substance use medication (and self-medication) related to stress management and depression.
	*"[[Become a Trauma-Informed Community]]" addresses definitions of trauma and its root causes, such as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES). It also links to social determinants of health and it scales to the services that a trauma-informed community needs to offer and how systems, such as the school system, can be more proactive in building community resilience.		*"[[Become a Trauma-Informed Community]]" addresses definitions of trauma and its root causes, such as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES). It also links to social determinants of health and it scales to the services that a trauma-informed community needs to offer and how systems, such as the school system, can be more proactive in building community resilience.

Tracy at 23:04, 23 January 2025

2025-01-23T23:04:10Z

Tracy: /* Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems */

2025-01-23T16:55:01Z

Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 23 January 2025
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	=Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems=		=Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems=
	The third set of strategies address the role of the medical community in reducing the supply of drugs, and includes articles on patient education, medical training, chronic pain management alternatives, and Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). These strategies are as follows:		The third set of strategies address the role of the medical community in reducing the supply of drugs, and includes articles on patient education, medical training, chronic pain management alternatives, and Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). These strategies are as follows:
			*"[[Increase Access to Contraception]]" addresses the high rate of unintended pregnancies associated with substance use and public health consensus around the need to increase access to contraceptive choices. In particular, this article details the benefits of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods.
	*"[[Reduce Over-Prescription of Prescription Drugs]]" documents the two-fold benefit of reducing both the number of excess pills, which could reach illicit circulation and the number of people who are at risk as a result of receiving prescriptions. It outlines four strategies to achieve this — each of which is covered in detail in separate following strategies.		*"[[Reduce Over-Prescription of Prescription Drugs]]" documents the two-fold benefit of reducing both the number of excess pills, which could reach illicit circulation and the number of people who are at risk as a result of receiving prescriptions. It outlines four strategies to achieve this — each of which is covered in detail in separate following strategies.
	*"[[Increase Access to Contraception]]" addresses the high rate of unintended pregnancies associated with substance use and public health consensus around the need to increase access to contraceptive choices. In particular, this article details the benefits of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods.
	*"[[Educate Patients on the Risks of Prescription and Non-Prescription Drugs]]" lists specific educational topics doctors can promote and risk factors for physicians to keep in mind when prescribing opioids. It also addresses procedures for screening and referral.		*"[[Educate Patients on the Risks of Prescription and Non-Prescription Drugs]]" lists specific educational topics doctors can promote and risk factors for physicians to keep in mind when prescribing opioids. It also addresses procedures for screening and referral.
	*"[[Improve Professional Training on Opioids and Alternative Pain Management Approaches]]" highlights a range of topics, which are gaps in current medical training. These include an awareness of chronic pain management and alternatives, risk factors for opioid dependency, dosage options, and patient communication skills that could lead to lower prescription use.		*"[[Improve Professional Training on Opioids and Alternative Pain Management Approaches]]" highlights a range of topics, which are gaps in current medical training. These include an awareness of chronic pain management and alternatives, risk factors for opioid dependency, dosage options, and patient communication skills that could lead to lower prescription use.

Tracy: /* Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems */

2025-01-23T16:53:30Z

Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:53, 23 January 2025
Line 23:		Line 23:
	The third set of strategies address the role of the medical community in reducing the supply of drugs, and includes articles on patient education, medical training, chronic pain management alternatives, and Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). These strategies are as follows:		The third set of strategies address the role of the medical community in reducing the supply of drugs, and includes articles on patient education, medical training, chronic pain management alternatives, and Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). These strategies are as follows:
	*"[[Reduce Over-Prescription of Prescription Drugs]]" documents the two-fold benefit of reducing both the number of excess pills, which could reach illicit circulation and the number of people who are at risk as a result of receiving prescriptions. It outlines four strategies to achieve this — each of which is covered in detail in separate following strategies.		*"[[Reduce Over-Prescription of Prescription Drugs]]" documents the two-fold benefit of reducing both the number of excess pills, which could reach illicit circulation and the number of people who are at risk as a result of receiving prescriptions. It outlines four strategies to achieve this — each of which is covered in detail in separate following strategies.
			*"[[Increase Access to Contraception]]" addresses the high rate of unintended pregnancies associated with substance use and public health consensus around the need to increase access to contraceptive choices. In particular, this article details the benefits of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods.
	*"[[Educate Patients on the Risks of Prescription and Non-Prescription Drugs]]" lists specific educational topics doctors can promote and risk factors for physicians to keep in mind when prescribing opioids. It also addresses procedures for screening and referral.		*"[[Educate Patients on the Risks of Prescription and Non-Prescription Drugs]]" lists specific educational topics doctors can promote and risk factors for physicians to keep in mind when prescribing opioids. It also addresses procedures for screening and referral.
	*"[[Improve Professional Training on Opioids and Alternative Pain Management Approaches]]" highlights a range of topics, which are gaps in current medical training. These include an awareness of chronic pain management and alternatives, risk factors for opioid dependency, dosage options, and patient communication skills that could lead to lower prescription use.		*"[[Improve Professional Training on Opioids and Alternative Pain Management Approaches]]" highlights a range of topics, which are gaps in current medical training. These include an awareness of chronic pain management and alternatives, risk factors for opioid dependency, dosage options, and patient communication skills that could lead to lower prescription use.

Tracy: /* Focus on Youth and Families */

2025-01-23T16:35:49Z

Focus on Youth and Families

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:35, 23 January 2025
Line 15:		Line 15:
	The second set of strategies take a deeper look at four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these are embedded. Early prevention strategies overemphasized education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just Say No"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:		The second set of strategies take a deeper look at four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these are embedded. Early prevention strategies overemphasized education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just Say No"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:
	*"[[Increase Awareness of Risks of SUD on the Baby]]" addresses Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).		*"[[Increase Awareness of Risks of SUD on the Baby]]" addresses Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).
	*"[[Minimize Substance Use During Pregnancy]]" addresses the broad spectrum of issues facing an increasingly prevalent population having high risks for both parent and child. It ranges from increased chance of unintended pregnancies associated with substance use disorder to statistics on use during pregnancy to challenges and barriers unique to the perinatal period.
	*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.		*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.
	*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.		*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.

Tracy at 16:25, 23 January 2025

2025-01-23T16:25:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 23 January 2025
Line 14:		Line 14:
	=Focus on Youth and Families=		=Focus on Youth and Families=
	The second set of strategies take a deeper look at four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these are embedded. Early prevention strategies overemphasized education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just Say No"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:		The second set of strategies take a deeper look at four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these are embedded. Early prevention strategies overemphasized education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just Say No"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:
			*"[[Increase Awareness of Risks of SUD on the Baby]]" addresses Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).
			*"[[Minimize Substance Use During Pregnancy]]" addresses the broad spectrum of issues facing an increasingly prevalent population having high risks for both parent and child. It ranges from increased chance of unintended pregnancies associated with substance use disorder to statistics on use during pregnancy to challenges and barriers unique to the perinatal period.
	*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.		*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.
	*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.		*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.
	*"[[Empower Parents]]" highlights the magnitude of influence which parents have in youth perceptions and behavior. It addresses their role in engagement within the school system and the need for parents to support both prevention and recovery.		*"[[Empower Parents]]" highlights the magnitude of influence which parents have in youth perceptions and behavior. It addresses their role in engagement within the school system and the need for parents to support both prevention and recovery.
	*"[[Expand School-Based Prevention Programs]]" points out the power of the school system within prevention strategies. Schools are a primary point of contact to youth and have proven success in public health initiatives associated with safety and disease prevention.		*"[[Expand School-Based Prevention Programs]]" points out the power of the school system within prevention strategies. Schools are a primary point of contact to youth and have proven success in public health initiatives associated with safety and disease prevention.
	*"[[Minimize Substance Use During Pregnancy]]" addresses the broad spectrum of issues facing an increasingly prevalent population having high risks for both parent and child. It ranges from increased chance of unintended pregnancies associated with substance use disorder to statistics on use during pregnancy to challenges and barriers unique to the perinatal period.

	=Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems=		=Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems=

Tracy: /* Focus on Youth and Families */

2025-01-23T15:57:02Z

Focus on Youth and Families

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:57, 23 January 2025
Line 13:		Line 13:

	=Focus on Youth and Families=		=Focus on Youth and Families=
	The second set of strategies take a deeper look at four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these ~~four~~ are embedded. Early prevention strategies overemphasized education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just ~~say no~~"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:		The second set of strategies take a deeper look at four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these are embedded. Early prevention strategies overemphasized education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just Say No"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:
	*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.		*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.
	*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.		*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.
	*"[[Empower Parents]]" highlights the magnitude of influence which parents have in youth perceptions and behavior. It addresses their role in engagement within the school system and the need for parents to support both prevention and recovery.		*"[[Empower Parents]]" highlights the magnitude of influence which parents have in youth perceptions and behavior. It addresses their role in engagement within the school system and the need for parents to support both prevention and recovery.
	*"[[Expand School-Based Prevention Programs]]" points out the power of the school system within prevention strategies. Schools are a primary point of contact to youth and have proven success in public health initiatives associated with safety and disease prevention.		*"[[Expand School-Based Prevention Programs]]" points out the power of the school system within prevention strategies. Schools are a primary point of contact to youth and have proven success in public health initiatives associated with safety and disease prevention.
			*"[[Minimize Substance Use During Pregnancy]]" addresses the broad spectrum of issues facing an increasingly prevalent population having high risks for both parent and child. It ranges from increased chance of unintended pregnancies associated with substance use disorder to statistics on use during pregnancy to challenges and barriers unique to the perinatal period.

	=Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems=		=Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems=

Tracy: /* Focus on Disrupting the Supply */

2025-01-23T15:36:29Z

Focus on Disrupting the Supply

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:36, 23 January 2025
Line 31:		Line 31:
	*"[[Disrupt the Supply of Illegal Drugs]]" identifies the collaboration that needs to occur between law enforcement in local jurisdictions and federal agencies and within the international arena. It identifies historical reactivity and inconsistencies in supply disruption and points to developments reflective of more effective strategies.		*"[[Disrupt the Supply of Illegal Drugs]]" identifies the collaboration that needs to occur between law enforcement in local jurisdictions and federal agencies and within the international arena. It identifies historical reactivity and inconsistencies in supply disruption and points to developments reflective of more effective strategies.
	*"[[Reduce Criminal Diversion of Prescription Drugs]]" covers the illegal distribution or use of prescription drugs. This strategy addresses the intersection of guidance from law enforcement and best practices within the medical community in detecting criminal diversion.		*"[[Reduce Criminal Diversion of Prescription Drugs]]" covers the illegal distribution or use of prescription drugs. This strategy addresses the intersection of guidance from law enforcement and best practices within the medical community in detecting criminal diversion.
	*"[[Expand Prescription Drug Take-Back and Disposal Programs]]" broadens participation in drug diversion strategies and builds upon strategies for law enforcement and medical professionals to include local businesses, citizens, and members of coalitions engaged in education campaigns. This strategy focuses (a) take-backs and drop boxes which involve law enforcement, (b) safe storage, which involves doctors and pharmacists, and (c ) disposal options, which involve coalition outreach to nursing homes, hospices, funeral homes, and the community at-large.		*"[[Expand Safe Storage and Prescription Drug Take-Back and Disposal Programs]]" broadens participation in drug diversion strategies and builds upon strategies for law enforcement and medical professionals to include local businesses, citizens, and members of coalitions engaged in education campaigns. This strategy focuses (a) take-backs and drop boxes which involve law enforcement, (b) safe storage, which involves doctors and pharmacists, and (c ) disposal options, which involve coalition outreach to nursing homes, hospices, funeral homes, and the community at-large.

Tracy: /* Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems */

2025-01-23T15:33:34Z

Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:33, 23 January 2025
Line 25:		Line 25:
	*"[[Improve Professional Training on Opioids and Alternative Pain Management Approaches]]" highlights a range of topics, which are gaps in current medical training. These include an awareness of chronic pain management and alternatives, risk factors for opioid dependency, dosage options, and patient communication skills that could lead to lower prescription use.		*"[[Improve Professional Training on Opioids and Alternative Pain Management Approaches]]" highlights a range of topics, which are gaps in current medical training. These include an awareness of chronic pain management and alternatives, risk factors for opioid dependency, dosage options, and patient communication skills that could lead to lower prescription use.
	*"[[Expand and Enhance Chronic Pain Prevention and Management]]" documents the large number of Americans who have chronic pain and the dilemma which the medical community faces in reducing pain without increasing opioid use disorder. It shares methods to concurrently decrease prescription rates and increase alternatives for chronic pain management.		*"[[Expand and Enhance Chronic Pain Prevention and Management]]" documents the large number of Americans who have chronic pain and the dilemma which the medical community faces in reducing pain without increasing opioid use disorder. It shares methods to concurrently decrease prescription rates and increase alternatives for chronic pain management.
	*"[[Increase Access to Non-Pharma Therapies]]" promotes public support for increased medical use of nonpharmacologic pain care and for a restructuring of insurance reimbursement standards.
	*"[[Improve Prescribing Practices]]" targets the regulation of advertising, corporate influence, and the structure of Medicaid and U.S. insurance standards.
	*"[[Expand and Enhance Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)]]" outlines the benefits and challenges of PDMPs and provides a review of successful initiatives and funding sources.		*"[[Expand and Enhance Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)]]" outlines the benefits and challenges of PDMPs and provides a review of successful initiatives and funding sources.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 23 January 2025
Line 7:		Line 7:
	=The Field of Prevention Science=		=The Field of Prevention Science=
	The first cluster is focused on the field of prevention science. It includes the following strategies:		The first cluster is focused on the field of prevention science. It includes the following strategies:
	*"[[Addressing Risk and Protective Factors for Individuals, Families, and Communities]]" ~~and~~ provides examples of the two functions of prevention science — reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors. It also covers the Socio-Ecological Model, SPF, and the National Prevention Strategy.		*"[[Addressing Risk and Protective Factors for Individuals, Families, and Communities]]" provides examples of the two functions of prevention science — reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors. It also covers the Socio-Ecological Model, Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF), and the National Prevention Strategy.
	*"[[Expand Positive Recreation Opportunities]]" contextualizes prevention science within the behavioral health work on health and wellbeing.		*"[[Expand Positive Recreation Opportunities]]" contextualizes prevention science within the behavioral health work on health and wellbeing.
	*"[[Integrate Substance Use Prevention with Mental Health Services]]" unpacks co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. The current partitioning of behavioral health care misses the interaction between substance use medication (and self-medication) related to stress management and depression.		*"[[Integrate Substance Use Prevention with Mental Health Services]]" unpacks co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. The current partitioning of behavioral health care misses the interaction between substance use medication (and self-medication) related to stress management and depression.
	*"[[Become a Trauma-Informed Community]]" addresses definitions of trauma and root causes, such as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES). It also links to social determinants of health, and it scales to the services that a trauma-informed community needs to offer and to how systems such as the school system can be more proactive in building community resilience.		*"[[Become a Trauma-Informed Community]]" addresses definitions of trauma and its root causes, such as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES). It also links to social determinants of health and it scales to the services that a trauma-informed community needs to offer and how systems, such as the school system, can be more proactive in building community resilience.

	=Focus on Youth and Families=		=Focus on Youth and Families=
	The second set of strategies ~~take~~ a deeper look at four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these are embedded. Early prevention strategies ~~overemphasized~~ education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just Say No"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:		The second set of strategies takes a deeper look at the four domains of the socio-ecological ecosystem of prevention — individual, youth, peers, family, and schools. It is important to note that an intentional balance is needed between efforts in all four of these domains and the broader policy domain in which these are embedded. Early prevention strategies over-emphasized education, placing the onus of burden on the individual ("Just Say No"). Current prevention strategies are shifting emphasis to include more environmental strategies. It includes the following strategies:
	*"[[Increase Awareness of Risks of SUD on the Baby]]" addresses Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).		*"[[Increase Awareness of Risks of SUD on the Baby]]" addresses Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS).
	*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.		*"[[Prevent First Time Use Through Education]]" covers the effectiveness of different types of prevention education and addresses the need to move away from fear-based tactics and toward an increased emphasis on trauma and stress management.
	*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.		*"[[Expand and Improve Support for Youth Outreach and Leadership]]" addresses the linkage between providing basic information and changing perception of harm by creating positive behavioral choices at the earliest age possible. It also addresses opportunities for youth leadership to offset peer pressure.
	*"[[Empower Parents]]" highlights the magnitude of influence which parents have in youth perceptions and behavior. It addresses their role in engagement ~~within~~ the school system and the need for parents to support both prevention and recovery.		*"[[Empower Parents]]" highlights the magnitude of influence which parents have in youth perceptions and behavior. It addresses their role in engagement with the school system and the need for parents to support both prevention and recovery.
	*"[[Expand School-Based Prevention Programs]]" points out the power of the school system within prevention strategies. Schools are a primary point of contact to youth and have proven success in public health initiatives associated with safety and disease prevention.		*"[[Expand School-Based Prevention Programs]]" points out the power of the school system within prevention strategies. Schools are a primary point of contact to youth and have proven success in public health initiatives associated with safety and disease prevention.

	=Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems=		=Focus on Medical & Pharmaceutical Systems=
	The third set of strategies address the role of the medical community in reducing the supply of drugs, and includes articles on patient education, medical training, chronic pain management alternatives, and Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). These strategies are as follows:		The third set of strategies address the role of the medical and pharmaceutical community in reducing the supply of drugs and includes articles on patient education, medical training, chronic pain management alternatives, and Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). These strategies are as follows:
	*"[[Increase Access to Contraception]]" addresses the high rate of unintended pregnancies associated with substance use and public health consensus around the need to increase access to contraceptive choices. In particular, this article details the benefits of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods.		*"[[Increase Access to Contraception]]" addresses the high rate of unintended pregnancies associated with substance use and public health consensus around the need to increase access to contraceptive choices. In particular, this article details the benefits of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods.
	*"[[Reduce Over-Prescription of Prescription Drugs]]" documents the two-fold benefit of reducing both the number of excess pills, which could reach illicit circulation and the number of people who are at risk as a result of receiving prescriptions~~. It outlines four strategies to achieve this — each of which is covered in detail in separate following strategies~~.		*"[[Reduce Over-Prescription of Prescription Drugs]]" documents the two-fold benefit of reducing both the number of excess pills, which could reach illicit circulation, and the number of people who are at risk as a result of receiving prescriptions.
	*"[[Educate Patients on the Risks of Prescription and Non-Prescription Drugs]]" lists specific educational topics doctors can promote and risk factors for physicians to keep in mind when prescribing opioids. It also addresses procedures for screening and referral.		*"[[Educate Patients on the Risks of Prescription and Non-Prescription Drugs]]" lists specific educational topics doctors can promote and risk factors for physicians to keep in mind when prescribing opioids. It also addresses procedures for screening and referral.
	*"[[Improve Professional Training on Opioids and Alternative Pain Management Approaches]]" highlights a range of topics, which are gaps in current medical training. These include an awareness of chronic pain management and alternatives, risk factors for opioid dependency, dosage options, and patient communication skills that could lead to lower prescription use.		*"[[Improve Professional Training on Opioids and Alternative Pain Management Approaches]]" highlights a range of topics, which are gaps in current medical training. These include an awareness of chronic pain management and alternatives, risk factors for opioid dependency, dosage options, and patient communication skills that could lead to lower prescription use.
Line 31:		Line 31:
	=Focus on Disrupting the Supply=		=Focus on Disrupting the Supply=
	The final prevention cluster is focused on strategies to disrupt supply. The sequence of strategies begins with law enforcement, expands to collaboration between law enforcement and medical professionals, and closes with community-wide participation in coalition campaigns. It includes the following:		The final prevention cluster is focused on strategies to disrupt supply. The sequence of strategies begins with law enforcement, expands to collaboration between law enforcement and medical professionals, and closes with community-wide participation in coalition campaigns. It includes the following:
	*"[[Disrupt the Supply of Illegal Drugs]]" identifies the collaboration that needs to occur between law enforcement in local jurisdictions and federal agencies and within the international arena. It identifies historical reactivity and inconsistencies in supply disruption and points to developments reflective of more effective strategies.		*"[[Disrupt the Supply of Illegal Drugs]]" identifies the collaboration that needs to occur between law enforcement in local jurisdictions and federal agencies, and within the international arena. It identifies historical reactivity and inconsistencies in supply disruption and points to developments reflective of more effective strategies.
	*"[[Reduce Criminal Diversion of Prescription Drugs]]" covers the illegal distribution or use of prescription drugs. This strategy addresses the intersection of guidance from law enforcement and best practices within the medical community in detecting criminal diversion.		*"[[Reduce Criminal Diversion of Prescription Drugs]]" covers the illegal distribution or use of prescription drugs. This strategy addresses the intersection of guidance from law enforcement and best practices within the medical community in detecting criminal diversion.
	*"[[Expand Safe Storage and Prescription Drug Take-Back and Disposal Programs]]" broadens participation in drug diversion strategies and builds upon strategies for law enforcement and medical professionals to include local businesses, citizens, and members of coalitions engaged in education campaigns. This strategy focuses (a) take-backs and drop boxes which involve law enforcement, (b) safe storage, which involves doctors and pharmacists, and (c ) disposal options, which involve coalition outreach to nursing homes, hospices, funeral homes, and the community at-large.		*"[[Expand Safe Storage and Prescription Drug Take-Back and Disposal Programs]]" broadens participation in drug diversion strategies and builds upon strategies for law enforcement and medical professionals to include local businesses, citizens, and members of coalitions engaged in education campaigns. This strategy focuses (a) take-backs and drop boxes which involve law enforcement, (b) safe storage, which involves doctors and pharmacists, and (c ) disposal options, which involve coalition outreach to nursing homes, hospices, funeral homes, and the community at-large.