Reduce Criminal Diversion of Prescription Drugs - Revision history

Charliekapinos: /* Available Tools and Resources */

2024-10-21T02:01:39Z

Available Tools and Resources

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:01, 20 October 2024
Line 44:		Line 44:

	'''SAFE Project:'''		'''SAFE Project:'''
			*'''The Integrated-Forensic Peer Recovery Specialist (I-FPRS) Training''' by SAFE Project is a comprehensive set of curriculums designed for Peer Recovery Specialists, organizations, and groups working with justice-involved individuals who experience substance use disorders. This training equips participants to navigate the intersection of behavioral health and the criminal justice system.<ref>https://www.safeproject.us/ifprs-training/</ref>
	*See the wiki titled "Disrupt the Supply of Illegal Drugs" for more detailed information on how all levels of government are working together to stop the supply of illegal drugs reaching communities across the country and the world.<ref>https://www.yoursafesolutions.us/wiki/Disrupt_the_Supply_of_Illegal_Drugs#Available_Tools_and_Resources</ref>		*See the wiki titled "Disrupt the Supply of Illegal Drugs" for more detailed information on how all levels of government are working together to stop the supply of illegal drugs reaching communities across the country and the world.<ref>https://www.yoursafesolutions.us/wiki/Disrupt_the_Supply_of_Illegal_Drugs#Available_Tools_and_Resources</ref>

Charliekapinos: /* Available Tools and Resources */

2024-09-23T17:40:39Z

Available Tools and Resources

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:40, 23 September 2024
Line 44:		Line 44:

	'''SAFE Project:'''		'''SAFE Project:'''
	*See the wiki titled "~~Expand Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion and Deflection Programs~~" for more detailed information on ~~diversion and deflection programs that aim~~ to ~~redirect individuals away from~~ the ~~justice system, particularly those with behavioral health needs, to reduce recidivism, address personal needs,~~ and ~~optimize justice system resources~~.<ref>https://www.yoursafesolutions.us/wiki/~~Expand_Law_Enforcement_Assisted_Diversion_and_Deflection_Programs~~#Available_Tools_and_Resources</ref>		*See the wiki titled "Disrupt the Supply of Illegal Drugs" for more detailed information on how all levels of government are working together to stop the supply of illegal drugs reaching communities across the country and the world.<ref>https://www.yoursafesolutions.us/wiki/Disrupt_the_Supply_of_Illegal_Drugs#Available_Tools_and_Resources</ref>

	'''The Office of Diversion Control''' within DEA provides a website with current information on drug diversion. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/</ref> It has published an informational outline of the CSA fpr pharmacists. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/GDP/(DEA-DC-046R1)(EO-DEA154R1)_Pharmacist's_Manual_DEA.pdf</ref>		'''The Office of Diversion Control''' within DEA provides a website with current information on drug diversion. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/</ref> It has published an informational outline of the CSA fpr pharmacists. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/GDP/(DEA-DC-046R1)(EO-DEA154R1)_Pharmacist's_Manual_DEA.pdf</ref>

Charliekapinos: /* Available Tools and Resources */

2024-09-23T17:37:37Z

Available Tools and Resources

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:37, 23 September 2024
Line 43:		Line 43:
	= Available Tools and Resources =		= Available Tools and Resources =

			'''SAFE Project:'''
			*See the wiki titled "Expand Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion and Deflection Programs" for more detailed information on diversion and deflection programs that aim to redirect individuals away from the justice system, particularly those with behavioral health needs, to reduce recidivism, address personal needs, and optimize justice system resources.<ref>https://www.yoursafesolutions.us/wiki/Expand_Law_Enforcement_Assisted_Diversion_and_Deflection_Programs#Available_Tools_and_Resources</ref>

	'''The Office of Diversion Control''' within DEA provides a website with current information on drug diversion. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/</ref> It has published an informational outline of the CSA fpr pharmacists. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/GDP/(DEA-DC-046R1)(EO-DEA154R1)_Pharmacist's_Manual_DEA.pdf</ref>		'''The Office of Diversion Control''' within DEA provides a website with current information on drug diversion. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/</ref> It has published an informational outline of the CSA fpr pharmacists. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/GDP/(DEA-DC-046R1)(EO-DEA154R1)_Pharmacist's_Manual_DEA.pdf</ref>

BasilSavitsky: /* Available Tools and Resources */

2024-05-22T20:39:38Z

Available Tools and Resources

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 22 May 2024
Line 47:		Line 47:
	'''The US Department of Health and Human Services''' has a fact sheet for the prescriber's role in drug diversion. <ref>https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/sites/default/files/hhs-guidance-documents/DrugDiversionFS022316.pdf</ref>		'''The US Department of Health and Human Services''' has a fact sheet for the prescriber's role in drug diversion. <ref>https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/sites/default/files/hhs-guidance-documents/DrugDiversionFS022316.pdf</ref>

	'''The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)''' provides detailed information on how prescribers can prevent drug diversion. <ref>https://www.cms.gov/files/document/drugdiversion022316pdf</ref>		'''The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)''' provides detailed information on how prescribers can prevent drug diversion. <ref>https://www.cms.gov/files/document/drugdiversion022316pdf</ref> The Center for Program Integrity within CMS promotes a variety of strategies for states to reduce drug diversion in Medicaid. <ref>https://www.cms.gov/medicare-medicaid-coordination/fraud-prevention/medicaidintegrityprogram/downloads/drugdiversion.pdf</ref>

	'''American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)''' provides a website with multiple resources for pharmacy technicians on controlled substances diversion. <ref>https://www.ashp.org/pharmacy-technician/about-pharmacy-technicians/advanced-pharmacy-technician-roles-toolkits/controlled-substances-drug-diversion-pharmacy-technician-toolkit?loginreturnUrl=SSOCheckOnly</ref>		'''American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)''' provides a website with multiple resources for pharmacy technicians on controlled substances diversion. <ref>https://www.ashp.org/pharmacy-technician/about-pharmacy-technicians/advanced-pharmacy-technician-roles-toolkits/controlled-substances-drug-diversion-pharmacy-technician-toolkit?loginreturnUrl=SSOCheckOnly</ref>

BasilSavitsky: /* Promising Practices */

2024-05-22T20:38:17Z

Promising Practices

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 22 May 2024
Line 56:		Line 56:

	'''The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)''' has published a call to action and issue brief. It details the justice system use of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). <ref>https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/call-action-and-issue-brief-justice-system-use-prescription-drug</ref>		'''The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)''' has published a call to action and issue brief. It details the justice system use of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). <ref>https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/call-action-and-issue-brief-justice-system-use-prescription-drug</ref>

	'''Medicaid Drug Diversion.''' The Center for Program Integrity within the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services promotes a variety of strategies for states to reduce drug diversion in Medicaid. <ref>https://www.cms.gov/medicare-medicaid-coordination/fraud-prevention/medicaidintegrityprogram/downloads/drugdiversion.pdf</ref>

	= Sources =		= Sources =

BasilSavitsky: /* Available Tools and Resources */

2024-05-22T20:36:01Z

Available Tools and Resources

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 22 May 2024
Line 43:		Line 43:
	= Available Tools and Resources =		= Available Tools and Resources =

	'''~~Fact Sheet~~''' ~~The US Department of Health and Human Services has~~ a ~~fact sheet for the prescriber's role in~~ drug diversion. <ref>https://www.~~hhs~~.gov/~~guidance~~/~~sites~~/~~default~~/~~files~~/~~hhs~~-~~guidance~~-~~documents/DrugDiversionFS022316~~.pdf</ref>		'''The Office of Diversion Control''' within DEA provides a website with current information on drug diversion. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/</ref> It has published an informational outline of the CSA fpr pharmacists. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/GDP/(DEA-DC-046R1)(EO-DEA154R1)_Pharmacist's_Manual_DEA.pdf</ref>

	'''~~Drug Diversion Toolkit~~''' ~~This guidance by~~ the ~~Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) provides more detailed information on how prescribers can prevent~~ drug diversion. <ref>https://www.~~cms~~.gov/files/~~document~~/~~drugdiversion022316pdf~~</ref>		'''The US Department of Health and Human Services''' has a fact sheet for the prescriber's role in drug diversion. <ref>https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/sites/default/files/hhs-guidance-documents/DrugDiversionFS022316.pdf</ref>

	'''The ~~Office of Diversion Control~~''' ~~within the US Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration~~ provides ~~a website with current~~ information on drug diversion. <ref>https://www.~~deadiversion.usdoj~~.gov/</ref>		'''The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)''' provides detailed information on how prescribers can prevent drug diversion. <ref>https://www.cms.gov/files/document/drugdiversion022316pdf</ref>

	'''American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)''' provides a website with multiple resources for pharmacy technicians on controlled substances diversion. <ref>https://www.ashp.org/pharmacy-technician/about-pharmacy-technicians/advanced-pharmacy-technician-roles-toolkits/controlled-substances-drug-diversion-pharmacy-technician-toolkit?loginreturnUrl=SSOCheckOnly</ref>		'''American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)''' provides a website with multiple resources for pharmacy technicians on controlled substances diversion. <ref>https://www.ashp.org/pharmacy-technician/about-pharmacy-technicians/advanced-pharmacy-technician-roles-toolkits/controlled-substances-drug-diversion-pharmacy-technician-toolkit?loginreturnUrl=SSOCheckOnly</ref>

	'''~~Drug Policy Facts~~''' is ~~provided by the Real Reporting Foundation,~~ a nonprofit ~~that~~ maintains a website ~~with~~ numerous topics~~. One~~ extensive "chapter" of their website is devoted to the diversion of prescription drugs. <ref>https://www.drugpolicyfacts.org/chapter/diversion</ref>		'''The Real Reporting Foundation''' is a nonprofit which maintains a website titled "Drug Policy Facts." It covers numerous topics, and one extensive chapter of their website is devoted to the diversion of prescription drugs. <ref>https://www.drugpolicyfacts.org/chapter/diversion</ref>

	= Promising Practices =		= Promising Practices =

BasilSavitsky: /* Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies */

2024-05-22T20:29:04Z

Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:29, 22 May 2024
Line 31:		Line 31:
	= Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies =		= Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies =

	'''The ~~Controlled Substances~~ Act ~~(CSA)~~'''~~<ref>https://www~~.~~dea~~.~~gov/drug-information/csa</ref>~~		'''The Affordable Care Act''' The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, has published an issue brief titled "Continuing Progress on the Opioid Epidemic: The Role of the Affordable Care Act." <ref>https://aspe.hhs.gov/pdf-report/continuing-progress-opioid-epidemic-role-affordable-care-act</ref>
	~~The CSA is a federal drug law regulating the manufacture~~ and ~~distribution~~ of ~~controlled substances since~~ the ~~1970s. The CSA requires every person who orders, handles, stores or distributes controlled substances to registered with the DEA. "Registrants must maintain accurate inventories~~ and ~~records~~, ~~and must have specific security controls and operating procedures in place to guard against theft and diversion.~~" ~~In addition,~~ the ~~CSA requires all prescriptions for controlled substances be issued for a medical purpose by an individual practitioner acting in~~ the ~~usual course of medical practice~~.<ref>https://~~cdn~~.~~ymaws~~.~~com~~/~~www.iahss.org~~/~~resource/collection/48907176~~-~~3B11~~-~~4B24~~-~~A7C0~~-~~FF756143C7DE/2018_Methods,_Trends_and_Solutions_for_Drug_Diversion.pdf~~</ref>

	The CSA categorizes drugs into one of five schedules based on each drug’s medical use and its potential for abuse or dependency. The ~~Drug Enforcement Agency(~~DEA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have authority to add or remove drugs from the different schedules.The most harmful substances are placed		'''The Controlled Substances Act (CSA)''' is a federal drug law regulating the manufacture and distribution of controlled substances. <ref>https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa</ref> Since the 1970s, every person who orders, handles, stores or distributes controlled substances is required to register with the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). "Registrants must maintain accurate inventories and records, and must have specific security controls and operating procedures in place to guard against theft and diversion." In addition, the CSA requires all prescriptions for controlled substances to be issued for a medical purpose by an individual practitioner acting in the usual course of medical practice. <ref>https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.iahss.org/resource/collection/48907176-3B11-4B24-A7C0-FF756143C7DE/2018_Methods,_Trends_and_Solutions_for_Drug_Diversion.pdf</ref> The CSA categorizes drugs into one of five schedules based on each drug’s medical use and its potential for abuse or dependency. The DEA and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have authority to add or remove drugs from the different schedules.The most harmful substances are placed in Schedule I, and the rest appear in descending order as follows: <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/</ref>
	in Schedule I, and the rest appear in descending order ~~accordingly. Included in each schedule are~~:<ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/</ref>

	*Schedule I: heroin, ecstasy, LSD, marijuana		*Schedule I: heroin, ecstasy, LSD, marijuana
Line 42:		Line 40:
	*Schedule IV: Ambien, Soma, Valium		*Schedule IV: Ambien, Soma, Valium
	*Schedule V: Lyrica, cough suppressants		*Schedule V: Lyrica, cough suppressants

	'''The Pharmacist Manual''' The Diversion Control Division within DEA has published an informational outline of the CSA. <ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/GDP/(DEA-DC-046R1)(EO-DEA154R1)_Pharmacist's_Manual_DEA.pdf</ref>

	'''The Affordable Care Act''' The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, has published an issue brief titled "Continuing Progress on the Opioid Epidemic: The Role of the Affordable Care Act."<ref>https://aspe.hhs.gov/pdf-report/continuing-progress-opioid-epidemic-role-affordable-care-act</ref>

	= Available Tools and Resources =		= Available Tools and Resources =

BasilSavitsky: /* Relevant Research */

2024-05-22T20:20:14Z

Relevant Research

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:20, 22 May 2024
Line 27:		Line 27:
	*The Department of Justice has funded a research summary on diversion titled "Illegal Prescription Drug Market Interventions." <ref>https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248905.pdf</ref>		*The Department of Justice has funded a research summary on diversion titled "Illegal Prescription Drug Market Interventions." <ref>https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248905.pdf</ref>

	*The Mayo Clinic has documented steps that have been taken to reduce drug diversion by its healthcare workers in a report titled "Diversion of Drugs Within Health Care Facilities, a Multiple-Victim Crime: Patterns of Diversion, Scope, Consequences, Detection, and Prevention."<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538481/</ref>		*The Mayo Clinic has documented steps that have been taken to reduce drug diversion by its healthcare workers in a report titled "Diversion of Drugs Within Health Care Facilities, a Multiple-Victim Crime: Patterns of Diversion, Scope, Consequences, Detection, and Prevention." <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538481/</ref>

	= Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies =		= Impactful Federal, State, and Local Policies =

BasilSavitsky: /* Key Information */

2024-05-22T20:14:39Z

Key Information

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:14, 22 May 2024
Line 11:		Line 11:
	= Key Information =		= Key Information =

	~~According~~ to ~~the US Department of Health~~ and ~~Human Services the most common types of drug diversion include:~~<ref>https://www.~~ncbi~~.~~nlm.nih.gov~~/~~pmc~~/~~articles~~/~~PMC2879025~~/</ref>		The potential for misuse of opioids and other medications used to treat pain by patients suffering from chronic ongoing pain is high. Patients may abuse their own medication and may divert by obtaining medications under false pretenses or by reselling medications prescribed to them. <ref>https://www.aafp.org/fpm/2001/1000/p37.html</ref> Physicians are in the forefront of managing chronic pain for their patients and play a key role in drug diversion. It is estimated that this may affect 15 percent to 30 percent of the general population of the United States – as many as 70 million individuals. <ref>Krames ES, Olson K. Clinical realities and economic considerations: patient selection in intrathecal therapy. J Pain Symptom Manage. September1997;14(suppl 3):S3–S13</ref> Prevention strategies include training to identify points of diversion, improve drug monitoring, and recognition of signs of drug diversion. The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) provides tips on recognizing signs of diversion. These include:
	* Selling prescription drugs;
	* Doctor shopping;
	* Illegal Internet pharmacies;
	* Drug theft;
	* Prescription pad theft and forgery;
	* Illicit prescribing.

	Physicians are in the forefront of managing chronic pain for their patients and play a key role in drug diversion. It is estimated that this may affect 15 percent to 30 percent of the general population of the United States – as many as 70 million individuals.<ref>Krames ES, Olson K. Clinical realities and economic considerations: patient selection in intrathecal therapy. J Pain Symptom Manage. September1997;14(suppl 3):S3–S13</ref> Prevention strategies include training to identify points of diversion, improve drug monitoring, and recognition of signs of drug diversion.

	~~==Signs of Diversion==~~
	The potential for misuse of opioids and other medications used to treat pain by patients suffering from chronic ongoing pain is high. Patients may abuse their own medication and may divert by obtaining medications under false pretenses or by reselling medications prescribed to them.<ref>https://www.aafp.org/fpm/2001/1000/p37.html</ref> The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) provides tips on recognizing signs of diversion. These ~~tips from AAFP are as follows-~~

	* '''Strange stories. '''Be wary of new patients with stories that don’t seem quite right. Diverters often claim to be traveling through town on business or visiting relatives. Occasionally, they’ll pose as government officials or pharmaceutical company representatives. They may be excessively complimentary about the office facilities or your appearance or medical reputation in the community. They may deliberately request appointments toward the end of the day or may show up just after regular office hours. One common ploy diverters use is to ask to be seen immediately or to be given a prescription right away because they have to “catch a plane” or “get to an important appointment.” They may claim that they have lost a paper prescription, forgotten to pack their medication or had their medication stolen.		* '''Strange stories. '''Be wary of new patients with stories that don’t seem quite right. Diverters often claim to be traveling through town on business or visiting relatives. Occasionally, they’ll pose as government officials or pharmaceutical company representatives. They may be excessively complimentary about the office facilities or your appearance or medical reputation in the community. They may deliberately request appointments toward the end of the day or may show up just after regular office hours. One common ploy diverters use is to ask to be seen immediately or to be given a prescription right away because they have to “catch a plane” or “get to an important appointment.” They may claim that they have lost a paper prescription, forgotten to pack their medication or had their medication stolen.

BasilSavitsky: /* Introductory Paragraph */

2024-05-22T20:12:21Z

Introductory Paragraph

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 22 May 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	= Introductory Paragraph =		= Introductory Paragraph =

	Drug diversion is the illegal distribution or abuse of prescription drugs or their use for purposes not intended by the prescriber.<ref>https://www.cms.gov/Medicare-Medicaid-Coordination/Fraud-Prevention/MedicaidIntegrityProgram/downloads/drugdiversion.pdf </ref> Inciardi et al. (2006), defines prescription drug diversion as the illegal way of acquiring or distributing controlled medicinal drugs for any use.<ref>Inciardi JA, Surratt HL, Kurtz SP, Burke JJ. The diversion of prescription drugs by health care workers in Cincinnati, Ohio. Subst Use Misuse. 2006;41(2):255–264.</ref>		Drug diversion is the illegal distribution or abuse of prescription drugs or their use for purposes not intended by the prescriber.<ref>https://www.cms.gov/Medicare-Medicaid-Coordination/Fraud-Prevention/MedicaidIntegrityProgram/downloads/drugdiversion.pdf </ref> Inciardi et al. (2006), defines prescription drug diversion as the illegal way of acquiring or distributing controlled medicinal drugs for any use.<ref>Inciardi JA, Surratt HL, Kurtz SP, Burke JJ. The diversion of prescription drugs by health care workers in Cincinnati, Ohio. Subst Use Misuse. 2006;41(2):255–264.</ref> According to the US Department of Health and Human Services the most common types of drug diversion include: <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879025/</ref>
			* Selling prescription drugs
			* Doctor shopping
			* Illegal internet pharmacies
			* Drug theft
			* Prescription pad theft and forgery
			* Illicit prescribing

	= Key Information =		= Key Information =